It dissolves readily in water, and its primary use is to inhibit the growth of molds and bacteria in food and cosmetics. It is produced when bezoic acid reacts with sodium hydroxide, NaOH, and the sodium ion replaces one of the hydrogen ions in the acid to produce sodium benzoate and water. The chemical is found naturally in fruits such as plums and cranberries, and it is used as a preservative in food and cosmetics because it inhibits the growth of molds and bacteria.
In some acidic foods, sodium benzoate may react with ascorbic or citric acid to produce benzene, a potential carcinogenic compound. Although it is sometimes confused with borax or sodium borate, which is a salt of boric acid, the two chemicals are completely different.
Sodium benzoate is the sodium salt obtained when benzoic acid reacts with sodium hydroxide. This is an acid-base reaction that produces a salt, which is sodium benzoate, and water. The chemical formula is:. In water, the compound dissolves and dissocates into a sodium ion and a benzoic acid ion. In its solid form it is a white, granular or crystalline powder that can be added to food or cosmetics.
Other sodium compounds with similar names are sodium borate or borax and sodium carbonate or soda. They are sometimes confused with sodium benzoate but are completely different chemicals. Borax is a salt of boric acid and contains boron while soda, distinct from baking soda or sodium bicarbonate, is a salt of carbonic acid. The chemical reduces high blood levels of the waste product ammonia, such as in people with liver disease or inherited urea cycle disorders — conditions that limit the excretion of ammonia via urine 17 , Furthermore, scientists have identified ways by which sodium benzoate may have medicinal effects, such as by binding unwanted compounds or affecting the activity of certain enzymes that increase or decrease levels of other compounds 19 , Despite potential benefits, sodium benzoate can have side effects, including nausea, vomiting, and abdominal pain 2 , Additionally, medicinal doses of sodium benzoate may deplete your body of the amino acid carnitine, which plays a critical role in energy production.
This may make it necessary to take a carnitine supplement 29 , For these reasons, sodium benzoate is only given as a prescription medication in carefully controlled doses and with ongoing monitoring. Sodium benzoate medicine can be used to treat high blood ammonia levels. It is also being studied for potential use in other conditions, including schizophrenia and multiple sclerosis. The FDA allows up to a 0. If used, it must be included in the ingredient list Rather, you metabolize and excrete it in your urine within 24 hours — which contributes to its safety Still, some people may be more sensitive to this additive.
Consult a doctor for appropriate testing if you suspect you have an allergy to sodium benzoate 2. As for sodium benzoate in personal care products, the Environmental Working Group ranks the additive at a hazard level of 3 on a scale of 0 to 10 — meaning that overall risk of its use is relatively low The FDA limits how much sodium benzoate can be added to food and beverages.
You are unlikely to experience toxicity based on typical exposure. This additive has been linked to an increased risk of health issues like inflammation , ADHD, and obesity, but more research is needed.
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You can't cure ADHD, but you can take steps to minimize symptoms by identifying specific trigger points. The melting point of benzoic acid solid is about The boiling point of benzoic acid is given as Benzoic acid can undergo electrophilic aromatic substitution due to the electron-withdrawing property of the carboxylic group. Carboxylic acid can provide the aromatic ring with pi electrons. Then it becomes rich in electrons. Therefore, electrophiles can react with the aromatic ring.
Benzoic acid is a fungistatic compound that is widely used as a food preservative. This means it can prevent fungi growth in food. Benzoic acid can be naturally found in some fruits such as berries. We can produce it via the neutralization reaction of benzoic acid.
This production method involves the reaction between sodium hydroxide and benzoic acid. But, commercially, we can produce it also by partial oxidation of toluene in the presence of oxygen.
Usually, sodium benzoate is present in many food products along with benzoic acid.
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