When subjected to the long-term effects of high blood pressure HBP or hypertension , the following conditions can develop:. In addition to threatening the anatomy of the eye, high blood pressure is also a cause of stroke , which can impair the optic nerve or damage the area of the brain responsible for processing images. Written by American Heart Association editorial staff and reviewed by science and medicine advisers.
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Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci ; 49 : — We are aware of the many serious consequences of living with high blood pressure, or hypertension. Prolonged, untreated hypertension can negatively impact your heart and your kidneys, but how can hypertension affect your eyesight? High blood pressure can lead to a condition known as hypertensive retinopathy and the damage can be very serious if not addressed.
The retina is a layer of tissue located at back of the eye and contains cells that are sensitive to light. One study of 2, people between the ages of 50 and 73 found that those with HR were more likely to have a stroke than people without the condition.
This was true even in people with blood pressure controlled by treatment. A study of 5, people between the ages of 25 and 74 showed both an increased risk of stroke or cardiovascular disease in those with HR.
Effective treatment for HR involves controlling and lowering high blood pressure with a combination of medications and lifestyle changes. A diet high in fruits and vegetables may help lower blood pressure. Regular physical activity, reducing salt intake, and limiting the amount of caffeine and alcoholic beverages you drink can all contribute to healthy blood pressure.
If you smoke, take steps to quit. Your doctor may prescribe blood pressure medications such as diuretics, beta-blockers, or ACE inhibitors. You can control this condition by controlling your blood pressure. If your condition is severe, however, you may have irreversible eye damage that causes permanent vision problems. The prognosis is worse for higher grades of HR.
Grades 3 and 4 are associated with higher rates of:. People with uncontrolled hypertension and grade 4 HR, sometimes called the malignant stage, have a generally poor prognosis for survival, according to the journal Retinal Physician. Structural changes to the arteries in the retina are generally not reversible. Even with treatment, patients diagnosed with HR are at a higher risk for retinal artery and vein occlusions, and other problems of the retina.
If you have high blood pressure or HR, your primary care doctor can work with your eye doctor ophthalmologist to determine an appropriate treatment plan and monitor your condition. To prevent HR, take steps to avoid high blood pressure. Here are a few things you can do:. You can manage high blood pressure with more than medication. We'll show you seven home remedies for high blood pressure, including exercising….
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