Their population, once an extensive and continuous distribution across northern Africa, is now fragmented into smaller patches and forests in mainly Algeria, Morocco, and Libya. Jonas is one of the co-founders and lead producers of Untamed Science.
He has a background as a marine biologist and science communicator. Jonas has spent several years travelling and documenting nature around the world.
He is also the director for the Untamed Science Europe branch and international projects. Biodiversity Barbary Macaque. Europe's only non-human primate lives on Gibraltar Macaca sylvanus The Barbary macaque is the only species of macaque found outside of Asia.
Choose one of the following categories to see related pages: African animals , Monkeys and Apes. Share this Page. You can follow Jonas Stenstrom Twitter. Common Name: Barbary Macaque. Classification Kingdom:. Species Range. Science Newsletter:. Full List of our Videos. Teaching Biology? How to Make Science Films. Read our Wildlife Guide. On the Trail of the Egret. Tips for Shooting Smoke Grenade Photos.
Pacific Sleeper Shark: Giant of the Deep. The Burmese Python - A docile ish giant. Australia's Most Dangerous Creatures. They are two different species, but they do look similar, which is why people sometimes get them confused. Yup — monkeys can be classified based on where they live.
They also have some physical differences. New World monkeys are small, have flat noses and live in trees. Old World monkeys are bigger, their noses are narrower and pointier and they can live in different places including mountains, grasslands and forests. In some cases, they even live in towns! Like primates? The extant species of NWMs are currently classified into five families, twenty genera, species and taxa species and subspecies Mittermeier et al. However, the taxonomy of several taxa is debated in the literature and, therefore, this classification is subject to change.
Table 1. A genus level classification of the extant New World monkeys. The NWMs exhibit striking diversity in their morphology, distribution, diet and behavior. They are small to medium sized primates ranging from 0. Firstly, NWMs have broad, flat nostrils, while catarrhines have narrow, downward pointing nostrils Figure 1.
Secondly, NWMs have three premolar teeth, while catarrhines have two. Thirdly, NWMs lack a bony ear tube ectotympanic tube , which is present in catarrhines. Finally, there is a difference in the configuration of the bones of the skull between NWMs the zygomatic and parietal bones are in contact and catarrhines the frontal and sphenoid bones are in contact Fleagle All NWMs have a tail, which is prehensile in some taxa. Prehensile tails have a naked patch of skin towards the end for the reception of tactile stimuli, which is suitable for grasping, suspension and arboreal locomotion Figure 1.
Cacajao calvus. They fill a wide range of dietary niches, including insectivory , gumnivory , frugivory and folivory. However, most species tend to consume a mixture of foods from several dietary categories. Largely as a consequence of habitat destruction and, to a lesser extent, hunting, an alarming number of NWMs are threatened with extinction IUCN, The owl monkeys, sometimes called douroucoulis, consist of a single genus, Aotus , containing 13 taxa Table 1.
They are distributed from Panama to northern Argentina. Owl monkeys are the only nocturnal anthropoids , though at least one species is cathemeral Fernandez-Duque and Erkert They are relatively small bodied 0. Their forelimbs are shorter than their hindlimbs and they have long bushy non-prehensile tails, which help them balance during quadrupedal locomotion Figure 2.
Owl monkeys are primarily frugivorous , although they also consume leaves, insects and flowers. This genus is unusual in being socially monogamous. They live in small groups of 4 - 6 individuals, usually consisting of an adult pair, an infant, a juvenile and one or two subadults Mittermeier et al.
Howler monkeys, like this mantled howler monkey Alouatta palliata , right are among the loudest terrestrial mammals. All five genera have a long, prehensile tails. Within the Alouattinae, there is just one genus, the howler monkeys Alouatta. Howler monkeys are different from the other atelids in terms of their locomotion and morphology. They are more folivorous than most NWMs and minimize energy expenditure through slow, deliberate quadrupedal locomotion and very low levels of activity Milton They live in relatively small groups, with different species exhibiting different mating systems Di Fiore and Campbell Howler monkeys are among the loudest terrestrial mammals Figure 2 and they have a highly modified larynx, with a greatly enlarged cup-shaped hyoid bone Dunn et al.
This is thought to function as a resonating chamber for their calls Dunn et al. The subfamily Atelinae is more energetic than the Alouattinae, and atelines are largely frugivorous though Brachyteles may seasonally consume more leaves than the other genera; Strier Atelines use their long limbs to travel rapidly over long distances by brachiation.
They also have bigger brains than the Alouattinae, which is probably related to their patchy, ephemeral fruit diet Milton, Within the Atelinae, there are four genera Table 1. Spider monkeys Ateles live in fission-fusion societies in which individual animals from a large community associate on a daily basis in small, flexible parties that change size and membership frequently di Fiore and Campbell Woolly monkeys Lagothrix , yellow-tailed woolly monkeys Oreonax , and muriquis Brachyteles live in large groups up to around 50 individuals , which contain multiple reproductive males and females di Fiore and Campbell The marmosets and tamarins are the smallest of the NWMs - g.
The family consists of 7 genera and 62 taxa Table 1 , which range from Panama to southern Brazil. They are distinguished from the other NWMs by their small size and claw-like nails on all digits except the big toe , which they use for vertical clinging on tree trunks Figure 3. They have relatively long trunks, limbs, and non-prehensile tails, which they use for quadrupedal running and jumping.
All callitrichids are frugivores and small animal predators, and they also consume plant exudates. Marmosets are specialist feeders and exhibit morphological adaptations to obtain, ferment and digest gum i. In other words, these animals are naturally upright, unlike old and new world monkeys that use all fours. Both are suited to their survival in their particular environments. New world monkeys are a separate group far removed from old world monkeys, and not a part of the monkey ape lineage.
So the difference between monkeys and apes, tail and no tail, is a matter of adaptation to a particular environment.
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